Clinical Linguistics
https://doi.org/10.31810/rsel.51.2.10
Keywords:
semantic memory; cognitive deficits; neurodegenerative diseases; gliomas; brain plasticity.Abstract
One of the most relevant issues in the xxi century is the study of the human brain, which is a complex and fascinating organ about which little is known. The human brain, like any other organ, is subject to different types of damages, some examples being neural disorders or cognitive deficits that sometimes bring about language disorders. The study of language and the brain poses numerous challenges for researchers and for linguists in particular. Traditionally, Clinical Linguistics and Neurolinguistics are the areas that deal with the study of language pathologies, which are abundant and of a very different nature. Within this context, the purpose of this chapter is to highlight two challenges within Clinical Linguistics and to outline the main research areas in this particular field. First, we find neurodegenerative diseases (notably Alzheimer and Parkinson), where the loss of semantic memory is a relevant deficit. Secondly –and closely related to the former- is the impact of low grade (i.e. slow-growth) brain glioma (or tumor) resection on the representation of the eloquent function of language, as this implies giving an account of brain plasticity as well as leaving behind ‘localisationist’ approaches. This piece of work poses many questions but can offer few answers; it is our hope, however, that future language researchers find inspiration in it to broaden and expand their knowledge.
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