La prosodia audiovisual de la ironía verbal: un estudio de caso
Abstract
Resumen
El presente artículo se propone explorar, a través de un estudio de caso, el fenómeno lingüístico de la ironía verbal desde la perspectiva de la «prosodia audiovisual», esto es, a la luz del estudio conjunto de las características prosódicas y gestuales de los enunciados irónicos y de sus interacciones. Para ello, se han etiquetado sistemáticamente las propiedades prosódicas y gestuales de un corpus de veintiún enunciados irónicos producidos por un humorista profesional en el contexto situacional de un monólogo televisivo y se han comparado posteriormente con las características análogas de veintiún enunciados no irónicos producidos en el habla inmediatamente anterior. Los resultados de un análisis cuantitativo de los datos muestran: (1) que existen claros contrastes entre ambos tipos de enunciado en cuanto al número y la naturaleza de las marcas prosódicas y gestuales que en ellos se emplean, y (2) que existen marcas gestuales que aparecen claramente alineadas con marcas prosódicas y otras que lo hacen de manera independiente. Para ahondar en este último punto, se presenta también un exhaustivo análisis cualitativo de dos de los enunciados irónicos, el cual da cuenta de la variedad de relaciones e interacciones que pueden producirse entre los componentes léxico-sintáctico, prosódico y gestual durante la producción de un enunciado irónico.
Palabras clave: prosodia audiovisual; ironía; gestualidad; entonación.
Abstract
In this article we present a case study exploring the «audiovisual prosody» of verbal irony which studies prosodic and gestural marks of utterances and their interaction. Twentyone ironic utterances produced by a professional comedian in the situational context of a television monologue have been used as a corpus. Prosodic and gestural marks in ironic utterances have been systematically labeled and directly compared to the ones in non-ironic utterances produced immediately before. Results of quantitative analysis show that (1) there is a higher density of prosodic and gestural marks in ironic utterances than in non-ironic, immediately preceding utterances and (2) that prosodic and gestural marks appear both aligned and independently from each other. Going deeply into this point, an exhaustive qualitative analysis of two of the 21 ironic statements was performed in order to report the variety of relationships and interactions that occur between lexico-syntactic, prosodic and gestural patterns when an ironic utterance is produced.
Keywords: audiovisual prosody; irony; gestures; intonation.
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