What is White Arabic? New labels in a changing Arab world
¿Qué es el árabe blanco? Etiquetas nuevas en un mundo árabe cambiante - doi: https://doi.org/10.31810/rsel.53.2.9
Palabras clave:
Árabe blanco; estandarización; koinización; acomodación; diglosia; variedades altas del árabe; variedades no estándares del árabeResumen
El árabe ha sido descrito tradicionalmente como uno de los ejemplos canónicos de lenguas afectadas por el fenómeno de la diglosia (Ferguson, 1959), con el árabe estándar actuando como variedad alta y las variedades vernáculas habladas como bajas. Sin embargo, investigaciones más recientes han demostrado que la situación lingüística actual de los países arabófonos no refleja esta dicotomía, sino, más bien, un continuo estratificado en el que diferentes variedades –y a veces lenguas– interactúan cumpliendo diferentes funciones comunicativas y portando múltiples valores simbólicos.
En este mar de variedades, la etiqueta metalingüística «White Arabic» (‘árabe blanco ’, a partir de ahora WA) ha ganado importancia en la última década, coincidiendo con el aumento de interconexión en el mundo árabe. Aunque la noción de WA ha sido tratada de forma tangencial en investigaciones previas (Al-Rojaie, 2020; Dufour, 2008; Germanos, 2009; ONeill, 2017), ninguna de ellas trata la cuestión como objeto principal de estudio y no parece haber un consenso claro en la definición del término. De hecho, los datos apuntan hacia diferentes formas de entender el concepto en Líbano, Jordania, Emiratos Árabes Unidos, Arabia Saudí, Yemen, Egipto, Túnez, Argelia y Marruecos.
Por tanto, el objetivo de este estudio consiste en explorar cómo entienden y perciben los hablantes esta noción. Para ello, se ha llevado a cabo un análisis metalingüístico de entrevistas, intervenciones y comentarios realizados por hablantes nativos en medios de comunicación tradicional (periódicos y revistas) y en línea (podcasts, blogs, vídeos, etc.) y en plataformas de redes sociales (facebook, youtube, twitter, etc.). Estos datos se han complementado con los resultados obtenidos mediante el análisis de cuestionarios cualitativos distribuidos en línea entre hablantes de cinco de los países árabes mencionados anteriormente.
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