La percepción del habla en ruido. Estudio experimental sobre una aplicación para la evaluación audiológica infantil
Resumen
Resumen
En este trabajo se presentan los resultados de un proyecto de investigación entre el Programa Infantil Phonak y la UNED, cuyo objetivo fue desarrollar materiales para evaluar la capacidad para discriminar el habla en ruido por parte de niños con pérdida auditiva. En ese marco, se aborda la relación entre inteligibilidad del habla (tanto en estilo normal como en habla hiperarticulada, consecuencia del llamado efecto Lombard) y la discriminabilidad de la señal en el ruido producido por personas hablando simultáneamente (multi-speaker babble noise). Hemos contado con dos grupos de sujetos, el de control, 40 niños con audición normal, y el experimental, 23 niños con hipoacusia, diferenciando, en este último, los que sufren una pérdida severa de los que la sufren profunda, y los que cuentan con prótesis auditivas o implante único implante y los que cuentan con implantación binaural, que obtuvieron más beneficios del habla hiperarticulada incluso que el grupo de control. Finalmente, se consideran los resultados en relación con la percepción multimodal del habla y la lectura labial en la hipoacusia.
Palabras clave: percepción del habla; discriminación auditiva; inteligibilidad; habla clara; efecto Lombard; ruido multihablante; evaluación audiológica; audiometría verbal en ruido; implante coclear.
Abstract
The results of a research project between the Programa Infantil Phonak and the UNED are presented in this article. The aim of the Project was to develop a speech-in-noise test in Spanish for children. In this frame, we consider the relation between intelligibility of the speech (both in normal style and in hyper-articulated speech, consequence of the so called Lombard effect) and the discriminability of the signal in multi-speaker babble noise. Our control group is composed by 40 normal-hearing children, and the experimental group is composed by 23 hypoacusic children. In the latter, the results were different for those suffering from severe hearing loss (with auditory prosthesis) versus those suffering from profound hearing loss (mostly implanted), but also from children having one cochlear implant or two. This latter group obtained more benefits of the clear speech even that the control group. Finally, the results are discussed in relation with the multimodal perception of the speech and the lip-reading in the auditory loss.
Keywords: speech perception; auditory discrimination; intelligibility; clear speech; Lombard effect; multi-speaker babble noise; audiological evaluation; speech audiometry; Spanish speech-in-noise test; cochlear implant.
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